Basic UPS Power Supply
Description
This circuit is a simple form of the commercial UPS, the circuit provides a constant
regulated 5 Volt output and an unregulated 12 Volt supply. In the event of electrical
supply line failure the battery takes over, with no spikes on the regulated supply.
Notes:
This circuit can be adapted for other regulated and unregulated voltages by using
different regulators and batteries. For a 15 Volt regulated supply use two 12 Volt
batteries in series and a 7815 regulator. There is a lot of flexibility in this
circuit.
TR1 has a primary matched to the local electrical supply which is 240 Volts in the
UK. The secondary winding should be rated at least 12 Volts at 2 amp, but can be
higher, for example 15 Volts. FS1 is a slow blow type and protects against short
circuits on the output, or indeed a faulty cell in a rechargeable battery. LED 1
will light ONLY when the electricity supply is present, with a power failure the
LED will go out and output voltage is maintained by the battery. The circuit below
simulates a working circuit with mains power applied:
Between terminals VP1 and VP3 the nominal unregulated supply is available and a 5 Volt regulated supply between VP1 and VP2. Resistor R1 and D1 are the charging path for battery B1. D1 and D3 prevent LED1 being illuminated under power fail conditions. The battery is designed to be trickle charged, charging current defined as :-
(VP5 - 0.6 ) / R1
where VP5 is the unregulated DC power supply voltage.
D2 must be included in the circuit, without D2 the battery would
charge from the full supply voltage without current limit, which would cause damage
and overheating of some rechargeable batteries. An electrical power outage is simulated
below:
Note that in all cases the 5 Volt regulated supply is maintained
constantly, whilst the unregulated supply will vary a few volts.
Standby Capacity
The ability to maintain the regulated supply with no electrical supply depends on
the load taken from the UPS and also the Ampere hour capacity of the battery. If
you were using a 7A/h 12 Volt battery and load from the 5 Volt regulator was 0.5
Amp (and no load from the unregulated supply) then the regulated supply would be
maintained for around 14 hours. Greater A/h capacity batteries would provide a longer
standby time, and vice versa.
Title: Basic UPS Power Supply
electronic circuit
Source: www.electronics-lab.com
Published on: 2005-02-03
Reads: 2644
Print version:
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